FORMULARIUM RUMAH SAKIT UNTUK PENYAKIT DIABETES MELITUS (berdasarkan biofarmasetika)

Insulin

1.      Kerja singkat

v  Actrapid HM/Actrapid HM Penfill – Novo Nordisk^®

v  Humulin R – Eli Lily^®

2.      Kerja sedang (NPH = isophane)

v  Humulin N – Eli Lily^®

v  Isulatard HM/Isulatard HM Penfil – Novo Nordisk^®

v  Monotard HM – Ferron/Novo Nordisk^®

3.      Kerja panjang

v  Lantus – Sanofi Aventis^®

4.      Sediaan campuran

v  Humulin 30/70 – Eli Lily^®

v  Mixtard 30 HM/Mixtard HM Penfill – Novo Nordisk^®

Antidiabetik Oral

1.      Sulfonilurea

a.    Klorpropamid

v Generik

v Diabenese

http://www.rxlist.com/diabinese-drug.htm

Klorpropamid tablet 100 mg, 250 mg

Chlorpropamide does not interfere with the usual tests to detect albumin in the urine. DIABINESE is absorbed rapidly from the gastrointestinal tract. Within one hour after a single oral dose, it is readily detectable in the blood, and the level reaches a maximum within two to four hours. It undergoes metabolism in humans and it is excreted in the urine as unchanged drug and as hydroxylated or hydrolyzed metabolites. The biological half-life of chlorpropamide averages about 36 hours. Within 96 hours, 80–90% of a single oral dose is excreted in the urine. However, long-term administration of therapeutic doses does not result in undue accumulation in the blood, since absorption and excretion rates become stabilized in about 5 to 7 days after the initiation of therapy.

DIABINESE exerts a hypoglycemic effect in healthy subjects within one hour, becoming maximal at 3 to 6 hours and persisting for at least 24 hours. The potency of chlorpropamide is approximately six times that of tolbutamide. Some experimental results suggest that its increased duration of action may be the result of slower excretion and absence of significant deactivation.

http://www.flexyx.com/D/Diabenese.html

Absorption: Not Available

Toxicity (Overdose): IPN-RAT LD₅₀ 580 mg/kg

Protein Binding: Not Available

Biotransformation: Not Available

Half Life: 36 hours

Dosage Forms of Diabenese: Tablet Oral

Chemical IUPAC Name: 1-(4-chlorophenyl)sulfonyl-3-propylurea

Chemical Formula: C10H13ClN2O3S

Chlorpropamide on Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorpropamide

Organisms Affected: Humans and other mammals

v Hartamid

v Poncomell

v Tesmel

b.      Glikazid

v Glucodex

v Glicab

v Diamicron

v Glycafor

c.       Glibenklamid (Gliburid)

v Micronase

v Glimel

v Diabeta

v Glynase PresTab

d.      Glipizid

v Glucotrol

v Gucotrol XL

e.       Glikuidon

v Glurenorm

f.       Glimepirid

v Amaryl

g.      Tolbutamid

v Recodiabet

2.      Biguanid

Metformin HCl :

v  Glucophage

Absorption: Absorbed over 6 hours, bioavailability is 50 to 60% under fasting conditions. Food delays absorption.

Toxicity (Overdose): Acute oral toxicity (LD₅₀): 350 mg/kg [Rabbit]. It would be expected that adverse reactions of a more intense character including epigastric discomfort, nausea, and vomiting followed by diarrhea, drowsiness, weakness, dizziness, malaise and headache might be seen.

Protein Binding: Metformin is negligibly bound to plasma proteins.

Biotransformation: Metformin is not metabolized.

Half Life: 6.2 hours

Dosage Forms of Glucophage: Tablet, extended release Oral Tablet Oral

Chemical IUPAC Name: 3-(diaminomethylidene)-1,1-dimethylguanidine

Chemical Formula: C4H11N5

Metformin on Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metformin

Organisms Affected: Humans and other mammals

v  Diabex

v  Glufor

v  Glumin

v  Riomet

v  Fortamet

v  Glumetza

3.      α-Glukosidase Inhibitor

a.    Akarbosa

v Glukobay

v Precose

b.   Meglitol

v Glyset

4.      Thiazolidinedion

a.    Rosiglitazone

Avandia

b.   Pioglitazone

Actos

5.      Meglitinide

a.    Nateglinide (Starlix)

b.   Repaglinide (Prandin)